Smoke-preventing boiler furnace



Jan. 16, 1923. 1,442,666. E. c. HOCK.

SMOKE PREVENTING BOILER FURNACE.

FILED MAY 31. |921.- 4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.-

Ho's

I Jan. 16, 1923.

E. C. HOCK. SMOKE PREVENTING BOILER FURNACL 4 SHEETSSHEET Z.

FILED MAY 31, 92!.

J an. 16, 1923.

E. .0 HOCK. SMOKE PREVENTING BOILER FURNACE.

4 SHEETSSHEET 3.

FILED MAY 31, 1921.

Jan. 16, 1923. 1,442,666.

E. c. HOCK.

V SMOKE PREVENTING BOILER FURNACE.

FILED MAY 31 1921. 4 SHEETSSHEET 4.

ZZWM 6/4444 Patented den. 1%, i923.

EDWARD CHARLES HOCK, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK.

SMOKE-PREVENTING BOILER FURNACE Application filed May 31 1921. SerialNo. 473,670. I

This invention embodies certain unprovements in the smokepreventingboiler rurnaees heretofore patented to-Lme by Patent No.1,260,196 dated March 19,,11918. L The objects of this invention are tosimplify the construction ofmy patentedlifurnace aforesaid, to utilizeto better advair tape the heating effects of the waste prodnets ofcombustion passing out thru the back chan'iber of said furnace inheating; air or other fluid fuel supplied to the combustion chamber andto adapt the furnace to a force feed of the air supplied to the primarycombustion chamber over the surface of the burning fuel thereinand tothe use of gas, oil or vapor thereof, water or vapor thereofconiniingled with the air current so supplied to said fire box.

In the accompanying drawings which represent the preferred embodiment ofthe invention, Figure l represents a longitni linal .rerticalsection ofthe boiler furnace taken on line 'll of Fig; 2. c Fig. 2 represents ahorizontal section on line 22 of Fig. 1. s Fig. 3 represents line 3'3 ofFig. 1. Fig. l represents linelt of Fig. '1. j

Fig. 5 represents'on anenlargedscale a vertical section on line 5 5 ofFig. of the fluid fuel converter. j

Fig. 6 represents on an (enlarged scale a horizontal section of thefurnace wall adja cent to the fire be showing the fluid fueldistributing pipe. 7

Fig. 7 represents on anvenlar' transverse section of said. wall "\"vi'redistributing pipe goes thru it.

a transverse section, on

E une The same reference numbers indicate corresponding parts in thedifferent figures.

The furnace structure includes the general features of a well known typeboiler furnace, being divided into a boiler chamber 10 in which theboiler 20 is set, a primary combustion chamber 30 beneath the frontportion of the boiler chamber, an ash chamber it) below the primarycombustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber 50 beneath the rearportion of the boiler chamber, a back chaniber (50 at the rear of theboiler 20, a front chamber at: the front thereof, and a smoke stackleading up from the chamber 70 and provided with a damper 81.

A central bridge wall 90 disposed below the boiler about midway of thelength thereof, separatethe secondary combustion chamber 50 fromtheprimary fire chamberBO and ash chamber 40. Thisbridc'e wall has aconcave arc-shaped bridge wall 91, which is preferably concentric withthe boiler at some distance therefrom, and extends upward adjacent tothe opposite "sides thereo The bridge thus forms anarc-shaped passage 41between lts top and the lowerportion of the boiler, which'passageestablishes communication between the primary co n bustion chamber 30andjthe secondary combustion chamber 50.1

A rear bridge wall 100 disposed I below the rear end of the boiler sejarates the back chamber or line ()0 from the secondary combustionchamber 40.

p This rear bridge wall has an arc-shaped top 101, which is preferablyconcentricwiththe boiler atsome distance therefrom and extends upward onopposite sides thereof adjacent thereto. This bridge wall forms anarc-shaped passage 61 between its top and the lower portion of theboiler and this passage establishes communication between the second arycombustion chamber 50 and the back chamber 60.

upward. The diameter of the boil er 1s lee than the width of the boilerchan berIO so that spaces 11 and 12 are left between the furnace wallsand the boiler on sides of the latter. These spaces opposit upwardextensions of the Combustion chamwall, thru the rear bridge wall 100 andenters the boiler at any suitable point.

A deflector is pivoted to therear bridge wall at the lower edge of thearc-shaped passage 61 and is adapted to close the lower part of saidpassage. This deflector is adapted to be swun backward to open saidpassage more or less for regulating the current of gases passing fromthe combustion chambers upward around the steam space of the boiler ashereinafter explained." This deflector is supported in a transverse rod66 which extends from side to side of the back chamber (50. The rod 66is provided with a hand wheel 67.

The parts above described are substantially the same as thecorresponding parts in my patent aforesaid.

i A fluid fuel converter 110 is mounted in the back chamber 60 where itis exposed to the heat of the hot gaseous products of combustionpassingtherethru from the secondary combustion chamber 50 to the smolre stack80. This converter serves as heater for air and gas, as a vaporizer foroil or water and as a mixer for these several fluids; This combinedheater, vaporizer and mixer comprises in its preferred form a horizontalreceiving chamber 111, a horizontal delivery chamber 112 and a centralhori- Zontal mixing chamber 113. The receiving chamber 111 is connectedwith the mixing chamber by vertical pipes 114 and the mixing chamber isconnected with the elivery chamber by vertical pipes 115. The outersurfaces of these several chambers and pipes are exposed to the heat ofthe escaping ous products of combustion passing thru theback chamber 60,and consequently heat the air and vaporize the oil or water passingtherethru.

An air intake pipe 140 disposed at or near the top of the furnaceextends thru the furnace wall from the exterior thereof into the backchamber 60 and is connected at its inner end with the receiving chamber111 of the converter 110. The outer end of this intake pipe ispreferably connected with a force feed apparatus, preferably in the formof a blower 1415 operated by an electric motor.

The fluid fuel converter 110 is connected atit s lower end by athree-way coupling 116 with'laterally diverging pipes 121 and 122 at apoint about on a level with or chamber 50, thence are inclined outward.

thru the central bridge wall and thence connect. with longitudinaldistributing pipes 130 and 131 disposed within the walls of the primaryfire box or combustion chamber preferably on a level or thereabouts withthe normal fire surface of said box. These distributing pipes arepreferably provided with inturned extensions 1'32 and 133 which extendwithin the furnace wall opposite the front portion of the fire box atopposite sides of the door thereof. These distributing pipes and theirlateral extensions are provided with discharge orifices 135 preferablyin the form of tapering nozzles which project into openings 134 inthewalls between the distributing pipes and the interior of the the box. 7The inclined portions of the fluid fuel distributing. pipes 130 and 131are provided with inward extensions "136 and137 located in the centralbridge wall 90 and havinginozzles 138 which discharge thru holes orlutes 139 in the walls of the secondary combustion chamber 50. These'no-zzles preferably discharge at an angle of forty five degrees more orless in an upward direction towards the bottom of the boiler which 'is'exposed within said chamber.

The air intake pipe 1 10 delivers outside air to the receiving chamber111 of the converter, whence it passes downward thru the pipes 114 intothe mixing chamber 113, thence downward thru the pipes 115 into thedelivery chamber 112. The air in passing thru the converter becomeshighly heated and passes out therefrom thru the coupling 116, divergingpipes 121' and 122 and longitudinal pipes 123 and 121 to the dis--tributing pipes 130 and131, and thence into the furnace thru the nozzles135. The air so supplied to the incandescent surface of the fire in thefire box is thoroughly heated to a high degree before being dischargedinto said box. 7

Means are provided for supplying a gaseous fuel in the form of gas otherthan air to the mixing chamber of the heater 110.

The means shown for this purpose comprise end with an enlargement 142and an in-,

jector nozzle 152 connected with the air intake pipe 1 1-O terminateswithin said cham her. A gas supply pipe 153 having a cool; 15% isconnected with asource ofgas supply. Theninjector pipe or-nozzle 152 induces a suction and forces a feed of fuel gas mixed with more or lessair thru the gas pipe 150, the inner end of whichis provided with adistributing pipe 155 within the mixing chamber 113 of the converter110. This pipe is provided on its opposite sides below its center withorifices 15.6 which spray the gas into said chamber;

Means are provided for supplying oil to the mixing chamber of the heaterwhereby it may be vaporized and commingled with the air passingtherethru to the fire box. The means shown for this purpose comprise anoil tube 160 leading to a source of oil supply and being provided with astopcock 161. This oil tubeconnects with and supplies oil to the tube150 thru which it passes to the mixing chamber.

Means are provided for supplying water to be utilized in the form ofvaporor steam in connection with the other fuel gases hereinbeforereferred to. The means shown'for this purpose comprise a water receivingchamber 170 having an inlet pipe 171 which extends thru the top thereofand discharges into said chamber near the bottom thereof. This pipeconnects with a source of water supply and is provided outsideth'efurnace wall with a stop cock 172. The receiving chamber is connectednear its upper end by a pipe 173 with the pipe 150. This chamber 170 islocated within the back chamber 60 where it is exposed to'the heat ofthe escaping gaseous products. The water admitted to the water chamber170 is heated thru the exposure of said chamber to said hotgases andpasses out into the pipe 150. By the time it reaches the mixing chamberthe water is partially vaporized on its way to the mixing chamber andafter entry thereinto is fully converted into steam or superheated steamand mixes with the air which comes in thru the pipe 140.

By the means above referred to air alone mav be distributed over theburning coals in the fire box in a very hot state approximating thetemperature of the incandescent coal. hlatural or other gas may becommingled with said hot air; or oil in the form of vapor may becommingled with the air alone, or with air and gas; and steam may becombined with the air and gas or air and oil or oil and gases or oilalone or gas alone as may be found most desirable or beneficial in theparticular locality where the furnace is used.

The air intake 140 is provided with a Y- connection 141 with which theinjector nozzle 152 is connected. One arm of the Y is provided with adamper 143 which may be opened and closed by any suitable means as bycord or chain 14a which may be self regulating or otherwise. Thischamber is opened for the admission of air by automatic flow when theforce feed apparatus 141:5 is not in use. Thus there is a constant flowof air provided for the coverter whether or not the force feed is used.The water vapor developed when water is. supplied is converted intosuper-heated or dry steam while passing thru the converter and is thusin a condition to increase combustion within the fire box.

In the use of this furnace air admitted or forced in thru the air intake1 10 passes into the receiving chamber of the converter 110, thence tothe mixing chamber 113 thereof and thence to the delivery chamberthereof from which it passes by the pipes 121, 122, 123 and 12a to thedistributing pipes 130 and 131, and by them is discharged into the firebox over the incandescent coals thru the nozzles 135, and into thesecondary combustion chamber 50 thru the branch pipes 136 and 137 andtheir nozzles 13S and 139. Thus a supply of heated air to facilitate andproduce smokeless combustion is distributed over the coals of the firebox. If the vapor of oil is to be added, the oil is supplied thru thepipe 150 to the mixing chamber of the converter and there mixed with thehot air which is supplied to the combustion chamber thru thedistributing pipes aforesaid. If steam or the vapor thereof is to beadded, water is supplied thru the pipe 171 and chamber 170 to the pipe150 and is thence discharged into the mixing chamber of the converterthru the jets 156 of the pipe 155.

The combustion current from the fire box passes along the bottom of theboiler in direct contact therewith thru the passage 11 into thesecondary combustion chamber, thru said chamber along the bottom of theboiler and thru the passage 61, past the deflector into the back chamber60, and in part upward around the boiler at each side thereof in directcontact with the boiler and thence rearward thru the boiler chamber 10into the backchamber 60; thence forward thru the fire tubes of theboiler into the front chamber and thence upward thru the stack 80.

By manipulation of the damper 65, more or less of the combustion currentis made to pass underneath the boiler thru the passages 41 and 61 and agreater or less proportion upward thru the extension combustion chambers11 and 12. The combustion current can thus be divided, regulated andvaried to suit the conditions of combustion incident to the volume andcondition of the air or Enid fuel admitted to the combustion chamlVhenit is desired to reduce the steaming power of the boiler, the deflector65 is opened and when the boiler is to be run to its full capacity ofsteaming power, the deflector 65 is closed. When the deflector 65 isopen and the stack damper is closed or partially closed the fire ischecked and yet sufficient air is admitted to the combustion chamber toprevent the formation of smoke and when said deflector is closed anample fit quantity of air is likewise supplied to the combustion chamberto prevent the generation of smoke, and the current from the combustionchamber is thrown upward around the boiler on both sides thereof intodirect contact therewith and with the steam space thereof whereby thegreatest water heating effect is obtained together with superheating ofthe steam. When the deflector 65 is opened the stack damper 81 may beclosed and when the deflector 65,is closed the stack damper 81 is partlyopen.

In the use of this furnace at large directv the top thereof,a thorocombustion may be obtained without waste of heat thru the stack, and thesize of the stack may be reduced. i p I claim as my invention:

1. A boiler furnace comprising a horizontal cylindrical boiler, back andfront flue chambers at opposite ends thereof, flues con necting saidchambers, a combustion chamber below said boiler, extension combustionchambers continuous with said combustion chamber and extending upwardaround said boiler on opposite sides to the top thereof and opening intosaid back flue chamber, a bridge wall between said combustion chamberand said back flue chamber and forming a passage between the lower partof the boiler and said wall, said passage connecting said combustionchamber with said back flue chamber, a deflector disposed in saidpassage, a converter consisting of a combination heater, vaporizer andmixer disposed in said back flue chamber, means for supplyingair and oilto said converter. disfuels, means forsupplying said fuels to saidconverter, distributing pipes embedded in the walls of said primarycombustion chamher and provided with nozzles projecting into openings insaid walls for discharging the fluid fuel into said primary combustionchamber, and diverging and side pipes connecting said converter withsaid distributor.

3. A converter for fluid fuel to be supplied to a steam boiler furnaceconsisting of a top receiving chamber, a bottomdelivery chamber, anintermediate mixing chamber, pipes connecting said bottom and topchambers with said mixing chamber, an air intake pipe connected withsaid top chamber, delivery means connected with said bottom chamber, ajet pipe projecting into said mixing chamber, and means for supplyingwater to said jet pipe.

e. The combination with a steam boiler furnace, of jet distributingpipes disposed in the walls of the fire box above the grate, a converterdisposed in the back flue chamber thereof, pipes connecting saiddistributing pipes with the delivery chamber of said converter, an airintake pipeconnected with the receiving chamber ofsaid converter, a jetpipe extending into the mixing chamber of said converter, a fluid fuelpipe connected with said jet pipe at its feed end, an injector mountedon said a1r intake pipe and engaging said fuel feed pipe, andan airforcing apparatus connected with said air pipe and operative tosimultaneously force air thru said air intake and fluid fuel thru saidfuel feed pipe to different parts of said converter and thence to saiddistributing pipes.

EDWARD CHARLES HOCK.

